TF C - Transfer Function - Generate a straight, complex, CTF correction image

PURPOSE

Generate the phase contrast transfer function for bright-field electron microscopy. Produces a straight transfer function in a rectangular complex image. This CTF function can be applied, using the 'TF COR' or 'TF CTS' operations, to the Fourier transform of an rectangular object for correcting bright-field weak phase contrast. Further info on CTF related operations in SPIDER.   Example.

SEE ALSO

TF CT	[Transfer Function - Generate a binary, phase flipping, complex, CTF correction image]
TF C3	[Transfer Function - Generate a straight, complex, CTF correction volume]
TF COR	[Transfer Function - CTF correction, image/volume]
TF CTS	[Transfer Function - CTF correction with SNR, image/volume]
TF	[Transfer Function - Generate image showing effect of defocus on CTF]
TF D	[Transfer Function - Generate image showing effect of astigmatism on CTF]
TF DDF	[Transfer Function - Determine Defocus & amplitude contrast]
CTF FIND	[Contrast Transfer Function - Estimation of CTF parameters]

USAGE

.OPERATION: TF C

.OUTPUT FILE: TFC001
[Enter the name of the output file that will store the computed function. The transfer function is computed in complex form compatible with the Fourier transform format.]

.CS [MM]: 2.0
[Enter the spherical aberration coefficient.]

.DEFOCUS [A], ELECTRON VOLTAGE [Kev]: 20000, 300
[Enter the amount of defocus, in Angstroms. Positive values correspond to underfocus (the preferred region); negative values correspond to overfocus. Next, enter the energy of the electrons in Kev.
(Note: operation still accepts the legacy input of electron wavelength lambda [A] instead of voltage)].

.DIMENSIONS OF OUTPUT ARRAY: 128, 128
[Enter the dimensions of the real 2D image, which you wish to CTF correct.]

.MAXIMUM SPATIAL FREQUENCY [1/A]: 0.15
[Enter the spatial frequency limit in 1/Angstrom units. The maximum spatial frequency is 1/(2*pixelsize), where pixelsize is the size of the pixel in Angstroms.]

.SOURCE SIZE [1/A], DEFOCUS SPREAD [A]: 0.005, 0
[Enter the size of the illumination source in reciprocal Angstroms. This is the size of the source as it appears in the back focal plane of the objective lens. A small value results in high coherence; a large value, low coherence.
Enter the estimated magnitude of the defocus spread corresponding to energy spread and lens current fluctuations.]

.ASTIGMATISM [A], AZIMUTH [DEG]: 0, 0
[Enter the defocus variation due to axial astigmatism. The value given indicates a defocus range of +/- 400 A around the nominal value as the azimuth is changed. Then, enter the angle, in degrees, that characterizes the direction of astigmatism. The angle defines the origin direction in which the astigmatism has no effect.]

.AMPLITUDE CONTRAST RATIO [0-1], GAUSSIAN ENVELOPE HALFWIDTH: 0.1, 0.15
[Enter the ACR and the GEH. The Gaussian envelope parameter specifies the 2 sigma level of the Gaussian (see note 2 for details).]

.SIGN [+1 or -1]: -1
[Application of the transfer function results in contrast reversal if underfocus (DZ positive) is used. To compensate for this reversal, use sign switch -1.]

NOTES

1. Theory and all definitions of electron optical parameters are according to:
   Frank, J. (1973). The envelope of electron microscopic transfer functions for partially coherent illumination.
   Optik, 38(5), 519-536.
   and
   Wade, R. H., & Frank, J. (1977). Electron microscope transfer functions for partially coherent axial illumination and chromatic defocus spread.
   Optik, 49(2), 81-92.
   Internally, the program uses the generalized coordinates defined in these papers.

2. In addition, an optional cosine term has been added with a weight, and an ad hoc Gaussian falloff function has been added as discussed in Stewart et al. (1993) EMBO J. 12:2589-2599.
   The complete expression is:
   TF(K) = [(1-ACR )* sin(GAMMA) - ACR * cos(GAMMA)] * ENV(K) * exp[-GEP * K**2] 3 The input parameters for this operation can be determined using 'CTF FIND','TF DDF' and 'TF DEV'.

3. To apply the transfer function to a model 2D structure, use 'TF CTS' or 'TF COR'.

4. Alternatively use the following steps to apply the transfer function to a model 2D structure:
   (i) Use 'FT' to compute the Fourier transform of the model structure,
   (ii) Use 'TF C' to compute the transfer function in complex format,
   (iii) Use 'MU' to multiply the Fourier transform with the complex transfer function,
   (iv) Use 'FT' to compute the inverse Fourier transform.

SUBROUTINES

TRAFC, TFD

CALLER

UTIL1